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An important branch of industrial inspection, which is basically divided into two as destructive and non-destructive testing, Non-Destructive Testing, with its short definition "NDT". It is the final stage of the production or maintenance-repair processes. Non-destructive testing is the name given to all of the inspection methods in which information about the surface or internal structure is obtained by examining the piece without damaging it.
With the non-destructive testing method, materials can be detected during production or after a certain period of use, such as cracks that may occur due to reasons such as corrosion, wear, fatigue, cavity, incomplete penetration, lack of fusion, surface discontinuities, etc. imperfections are detected. In these processes, there is no need to take samples from the materials. Tests are done directly on the part without causing damage.
Non-destructive testing methods are needed in many areas in the land and marine industry market and have an important place in terms of sustainability and quality requirements. Machinery manufacturing industry, steel production and steel manufacturing industry, pressure vessels, lifting and conveying equipment, petrochemical and biochemistry industry, construction industry, shipyards and ports, railway vehicles, pipelines, power plants, from the smallest machine parts to the production of the largest structures and it's maintenance phases are used in a wide range.
The main advantages of NDT techniques are,
- Correction of process errors applied in the production of a material or component,
- Ensuring the production of materials of equal quality,
- It can be listed as keeping the findings obtained in the tests and following the developments that may occur in these findings or defects during periodic tests, thus determining the life of the material or component and preventing possible accidents in advance.
These controls are carried out according to national and international standards by our experienced teams certified according to EN ISO 9712 and authorized according to 2014/68/EU regulation.
General information about the basic non-destructive testing methods that our company is actively serving with the approval of Level-3 expert personnel is given in the table below.
Definition | Application Fields | Not Applicable Situations | |
VT Visual Inspection | It is a non-destructive inspection method performed directly with the naked eye (eg. Magnifier, Fiberoscope, Boroscope) or indirectly with auxiliary equipment (eg. videoscope). | - It is carry out to all materials to identify visible discontinuities on the surface. - Its application before other NDT tests shortens the inspection period and reduces possible return costs. | - Sub-surface discontinuities cannot be detected. |
PT Liquid Penetrant Inspection | It uses penetrating liquid that can seep into the discontinuities (cracks, etc.) that are open to the surface, thus creating an image that can be seen with the naked eyes. | - It is carry out to detect surface discontinuities in metal, glass, ceramics, welded parts, forging and casting materials. - It is quick and relatively easy to carry out. | - Discontinuities that are not open to the surface cannot be detected. - Requires very good surface cleaning. It cannot be applied on composite materials and spongy structures, |
MT Magnetic Particle Inspection | It uses electrical energy to create magnetic flux in the part being inspected. It is to make the discontinuity visible by gathering the micron iron particles scattered on the surface around the leakage flux that occurs on the discontinuities. | - It is applied to determine surface and sub-surface discontinuities on all magnetic metal surfaces (Fe, Ni, Co). - The application is generally fast. - It gives instant results. - Portable devices are available for field and workshop inspections. | - It cannot be used in the examination of non-magnetizable metals (non-ferromagnetic materials such as Austenitic stainless steels, Aluminum, Copper, etc.). - It requires electricity. |
RT Radiographic Examination | Ionizing electromagnetic rays (X or Gamma Radiation) penetrating into the material are tested. It records the image of discontinuities in the material on a film. | - It can be applied on all kinds of materials. Identifies all discontinuities at the surface and subsurface. - The film creates a permanent record for discontinuities. | - It requires high investment cost. - Requires electricity for X-Ray application. - Requires highly secure storage areas for Gamma-Ray devices. - There is a risk of radiation exposure to personnel and other living things. |
UT Ultrasonic Examination | It is the interpretation of the electrical signals generated in the probe on the device screen by the return (reflection) of high frequency sound waves penetrating into the material from the opposite surface (discontinuities, back wall, etc.). | - Metal, glass, ceramic etc. It is applied to determine surface and subsurface discontinuities in materials. - A permanent record can be created for discontinuities when Phased Array, ToFD or Automated system is carry out. - At the same time, thickness measurement can be made. | - Its reliability depends more on the competence of the operator than any other methods. |
